表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）技术在痕量检测等领域中具有重要的作用，制备周期性微纳结构，构建表面等离子体耦合体系，是当前实现高性能SERS基底的主要方法之一。鉴于传统周期性微纳制备技术成本高、效率低等不足，提出了激光干涉诱导向前转移（LIIFT）技术，利用三光束LIIFT制备周期性Ag微点结构，并分析了结构基底的SERS特性。研究结果表明：基于LIIFT技术可以实现Ag微点结构的大面积、高效制备，并且通过调节三光束干涉光场周期，可以实现对Ag纳米颗粒的可控制备。最后，以典型食品添加剂罗丹明B（RhB）为检测对象，验证了Ag微点结构的SERS特性。该研究表明LIIFT技术是一种高效制备SERS芯片的有效途径，在食品、环境及生物工程等领域中具有潜在的应用价值。

变参量微纳结构在二维平面内交叉、分段排布可以实现超表面器件的多路复用和多功能集成。为实现交叉、分段变参量微纳结构的干涉制备，提出了孔径光阑与相位元件联合调制的傅里叶变换光学系统。利用透镜的傅里叶变换特性和相位元件衍射光线的几何传播特性，阐明了傅里叶成像面上交叉、分段分布的多干涉光场的生成方法与调控规律。同时，针对目标分布的变参量微纳结构，反演设计了多像素孔径光阑与基于光栅和变参量光栅的相位元件，实验获得了交叉、分段分布的多干涉光场。将多干涉光场与微缩投影结合可制备分段排布的纳米光栅。将动态调控的多干涉光场分时复用可制备分段排布的变参量纳米光栅。

纳米计量技术是纳米尺度上的精密测量技术，是先进纳米制造技术的基础。其中，溯源性是纳米计量的基础问题，而研制纳米计量标准物质是实现纳米测量溯源性传递、保证纳米几何量值测试的统一性和准确性的关键环节。为适应纳米计量扁平化量值传递溯源的要求，基于铬跃迁频率，采用原子光刻技术和软X射线干涉技术制备了1D 212.8 nm，2D 212.8 nm，1D 106.4 nm 3种自溯源光栅标准物质；在多层膜沉积技术研制硅纳米线宽结构的基础上，探索了基于硅晶格常数的硅纳米线宽自溯源型测量方法。在应用领域，开展了自溯源光栅对扫描探针显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等高精密测量仪器的校准研究。研究结果表明，自溯源型标准物质及其测量方法缩短了精密仪器和加工技术过程中的纳米长度计量溯源链，是先进纳米制造和新一代信息技术的有力支撑。

This paper introduces the recent progress in methodologies and their related applications based on the soft x-ray interference lithography beamline in the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility. Dual-beam, multibeam interference lithography and Talbot lithography have been adopted as basic methods in the beamline. To improve the experimental performance, a precise real-time vibration evaluation system has been established; and the lithography stability has been greatly improved. In order to meet the demands for higher resolution and practical application, novel experimental methods have been developed, such as high-order diffraction interference exposure, high-aspect-ratio and large-area stitching exposure, and parallel direct writing achromatic Talbot lithography. As of now, a 25 nm half-pitch pattern has been obtained; and a cm2 exposure area has been achieved in practical samples. The above methods have been applied to extreme ultraviolet photoresist evaluation, photonic crystal and surface plasmonic effect research, and so on.

扫描干涉光刻机移相锁定是实现大面积高精度全息光栅曝光拼接的关键之一。为了实现大面积高精度全息光栅高精度曝光拼接, 针对扫描干涉光刻机步进扫描拼接轨迹, 重点开展了移相锁定系统的研究。在零差移频式相位锁定分系统和外差利特罗式光栅位移测量干涉仪的基础上, 阐述了扫描干涉光刻机的新型移相锁定系统原理。针对新型的移相锁定系统原理, 构建了移相锁定控制系统实验装置。最后, 基于移相锁定控制实验装置, 针对移相锁定定位性能, 开展了移相锁定定位控制实验以及影响控制精度的因素分析, 实现了±3.27 nm (3σ, Λ=251 nm)的定位控制精度; 针对移相跟踪控制性能, 在移相跟踪控制精度实验分析的基础上, 利用陷阱滤波&PID控制实现了±4.17 nm(3σ, Λ=251 nm)的跟踪控制精度。

To obtain a good interference fringe contrast and high fidelity, an automated beam iterative alignment is achieved in scanning beam interference lithography (SBIL). To solve the problem of alignment failure caused by a large beam angle (or position) overshoot exceeding the detector range while also speeding up the convergence, a weighted iterative algorithm using a weight parameter that is changed linearly piecewise is proposed. The changes in the beam angle and position deviation during the alignment process based on different iterative algorithms are compared by experiment and simulation. The results show that the proposed iterative algorithm can be used to suppress the beam angle (or position) overshoot, avoiding alignment failure caused by over-ranging. In addition, the convergence speed can be effectively increased. The algorithm proposed can optimize the beam alignment process in SBIL.

采用传统紫外光刻技术与激光双光束干涉光刻技术相结合的方法,以及激光双光束干涉连续两次曝光的工艺方法,制备了具有多种形貌和周期的微纳米复合结构,解决了利用传统激光干涉加工技术制备微结构的形貌和周期单一的问题。通过优化实验条件,制备出了微米条形光栅、矩形、圆形和六边形点阵与纳米光栅相结合的微纳米复合结构;在玻璃/银膜/CH₃NH₃PbI₃结构中引入微纳米复合光栅结构,CH₃NH₃PbI₃的吸收在可见光范围内得到明显增强,这主要归因于微米光栅的散射效应和银膜/CH₃NH₃PbI₃界面表面等离子激元的电场增强效应的共同作用。