Among all the structural formations, fiber-like structure is one of the most common modalities in organisms that undertake essential functions. Alterations in spatial organization of fibrous structures can reflect information of physiological and pathological activities, which is of significance in both researches and clinical applications. Hence, the quantification of subtle changes in fiber-like structures is potentially meaningful in studying structure-function relationships, disease progression, carcinoma staging and engineered tissue remodeling. In this study, we examined a wide range of methodologies that quantify organizational and morphological features of fibrous structures, including orientation, alignment, waviness and thickness. Each method was demonstrated with specific applications. Finally, perspectives of future quantification analysis techniques were explored.

由于具有低光毒性、高速宽视场以及多通道三维超分辨成像能力,超分辨结构照明显微术(SR-SIM)特别适合用于活细胞中动态精细结构的实时检测研究。超分辨结构照明显微图像重建算法(SIM-RA)对SR-SIM的成像质量具有决定性影响。本文首先简要介绍了超分辨显微术的发展现状,阐述了研究SR-SIM图像重建算法的必要性;然后介绍了SR-SIM的成像原理,并重点介绍了SR-SIM图像重建算法,包括SR-SIM中频繁使用的去卷积重建算法、SR-SIM校准与重建过程中参数值获取的算法,以及目前发展的超分辨结构照明显微图像重建算法,并介绍了SR-SIM工具箱;最后总结了当前发展超分辨结构照明显微图像重建算法需解决的5个问题。

小型化探头是内窥光学相干层析成像(Optical coherence tomography, OCT)中的普遍需求。介绍了包括基于球透镜、光纤透镜、自聚焦光纤、自由曲面透镜、无透镜的OCT技术的发展历程,总结和比较了各种技术的优劣,为探头的小型化设计提出了建议。研究探头的焦深拓展技术对分辨人体内细胞的在体成像的发展具有重要意义。介绍了几种重要的适用于小型化探头的焦深拓展技术,其中基于模式干涉的探头由于易于制作、结构紧凑、传输效率高,同时具有可以优化工作距离、焦深和轴向光强均匀性的优点,在拓展小型化探头的焦深方面具有一定的发展潜力。

Biophotonics is an exciting and fast-expanding frontier which involves the fusion of advanced photonics and biology. It has not only created many novel methodologies for biomedical research, but also achieved many significant results as an independent field. Thanks to femtosecond (fs) laser technologies, important progresses have been made regarding the manipulation, imaging, and engineering of biological samples ranging from single molecules to tissues in the last 20 years. The ultrashort pulses at near-infrared band provide many advantages: high nonlinear efficiency, low absorption by biological samples, high spatial and temporal resolution and confinement, and low phototoxicity. They are noninvasive and easy to control. Although the mechanism of how fs laser pulses interact with cells remains unclear, experimental results have shown that they could open up the cell membrane and hence made optical transfection and optical cell fusion possible. In this review, some of the seminal works on transfection and cell fusion by fs lasers are presented. The ideas behind and the experimental details will be described together with a highlight on their significances. Specifically, the thermal effect is analyzed based on multiphoton excitation and plasma formation in an aqueous environment to explain the nontoxic characteristic of fs laser irradiation. Last, some applications of fs laser induced transfection and cell-cell fusion with potential major impact in biomedical sciences are proposed.

近年来,高速发展的激光技术已经广泛应用于医疗领域,比如眼科手术和光学相干层析成像。尤为特殊的是,飞秒激光更可专用于对活体细胞的基础研究。飞秒激光具有别种激光无法获得的特殊性质。它对于细胞的伤害很小,因为它的线性吸收和热效应远远低于连续光。此外,由于飞秒光的超高峰值功率,它可以对细胞形成多光子电离而在细胞膜上开孔,因此可以转基因和融合细胞,同时不会太过于伤害细胞。在这个报告里,将阐述我们的以下研究:飞秒光致转基因、细胞融合以及细胞在凋亡中的动态过程。在单细胞水平上提出了一些凋亡过程的可能机制,如活性氧化合物、核管和细胞内自由钙离子的产生。

提出一种具有快速层析成像以及光谱分辨功能的多光子激发荧光显微技术。采用微透镜阵列产生激发光点阵,利用线扫描方式扫描阵列点,对样品进行多线并行多光子激发,利用棱镜色散荧光信号,同时,利用面阵CCD并行记录光谱分辨的多线荧光信号。采用4×4的微透镜阵列,仅需要记录128幅图像,即可重构512 pixel×512 pixel的光谱分辨荧光显微图像。对多色荧光珠、染色铃兰根茎以及花粉颗粒等样品进行实验,得到样品的双光子激发荧光光谱分辨图像,光谱测量范围为450-700 nm,光谱分辨率为3 nm。

感染源于免疫功能低下。在流行性感冒所发生的局部免疫上,鼻腔内的细胞和组织发挥着重要作用。寒冷导致的鼻腔内血管明显的收缩使得普通感冒症状出现的可能性增大,鼻腔免疫功能的化学或生物增强可以增强对流感的抵抗能力。低强度激光鼻腔内照射可以康复鼻腔内的免疫功能。将相关现象和鼻腔内低强度激光照射疗法（ILILT）机理进行整合,用于支持ILILT对新型甲型H1N1病毒流感的预防和康复。