Overview: Since the groundbreaking discovery of gravitational waves, the scientific community has fervently pursued the exploration of low-frequency gravitational waves to glean deeper insights into the cosmos. The inherent limitations of ground-based conditions, however, pose formidable challenges for detectors in capturing gravitational waves below the 1 Hz threshold. Consequently, the imperative has shifted toward the deployment of space-based gravitational wave detectors as the paramount solution for effective low-frequency gravitational wave detection. At the crux of space-based gravitational wave detection lies the pivotal role of spaceborne telescopes. Given the expansive transmission distances spanning magnitudes of 10⁹ m between celestial constellations, the demand for nanoradian-level precision in telescope pointing accuracy becomes non-negotiable. The concomitant necessity for high-precision measurements and calibration emerges as a prerequisite for achieving the exacting standards of pointing accuracy in spaceborne telescopes dedicated to gravitational wave detection. To ameliorate the deleterious effects of pointing deviations on gravitational wave detection, this study strategically optimizes key parameters, including microlens structures, detector selection, and algorithmic frameworks, thereby achieving a breakthrough in high-precision pointing deviation measurements. Leveraging a low-density microlens array with extended sub-aperture focal lengths enhances the spatial scale of the light spot within each sub-aperture. This, coupled with detectors boasting a high signal-to-noise ratio, synergistically elevates the pointing detection accuracy of each discrete lens. Moreover, the paper introduces an innovative, Hartmann principle-based methodology for high-precision pointing deviation measurements, deploying a spatially reused paradigm across multiple sub-apertures. By aggregating measurement results from diverse sub-apertures, the approach effectively mitigates the influence of assorted random errors on measurement accuracy, thereby markedly enhancing the precision of pointing deviation measurements. Illustrating the efficacy of these methodologies, the paper exemplifies their application within the ambit of the "Tianqin Plan" for space-based gravitational wave detection. Employing numerical simulations and factoring in the design parameters of the Hartmann sensor, the study performs a meticulous analysis of pointing deviation measurement accuracy. Comparative analysis between single sub-aperture and sub-aperture correlation reuse technologies reveals a compelling enhancement in measurement accuracy, approximating a sevenfold improvement with the latter. The pointing deviation measurement accuracy achieved through sub-aperture correlation reuse technology is quantified at approximately 18.81 nanoradians. Considering the optical magnification inherent in spaceborne telescopes, estimated at around 30 times, the resultant pointing deviation measurement accuracy reaches an impressive 0.62 nanoradians. This design precision significantly surpasses the stipulated 1 nanoradian accuracy requirement for ground-based gravitational wave pointing deviation measurements. As a prudential measure, the proposed design incorporates a substantial margin to accommodate potential accuracy diminution attributable to external perturbations during empirical testing.

认知偏差是认知电子战中的客观存在。基于动态博弈方法，针对认知雷达对抗过程中因不完整信息和测量误差导致的认知偏差，研究雷达对抗建模方法：以雷达抗干扰改善因子和干扰机干扰效益因子计算博弈双方的效益，采用精炼贝叶斯均衡建立动态雷达对抗模型，分析认知偏差造成的影响。仿真实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。

为了实现可见光波段多路不同波长激光的周期性闭环校正，设计了一种具有光束指向和位置偏差独立监测与调节的激光合束系统。首先，根据系统的应用需求，提出了合束系统的设计指标与整体合束方案。然后，在合束方案的基础上，建立了合束系统的光束控制模型，并通过数值仿真得到了合束系统光束控制的解算方法。闭环合束系统通过光束指向和位置监测装置分别实现合束激光指向偏差与位置偏差的独立监测，并根据监测结果进行光束调节装置控制量的解算；进而通过两维摆镜和一维平移台分别实现光束指向和位置偏差的独立高效调节。最后，采用两路不同波长的激光束，配合光束监测与调节装置，搭建了闭环合束模拟实验平台，对周期性闭环合束系统的合束效果进行了验证。实验结果表明：在长时间的工作过程中，两路激光均实现了与基准光路的精密合束，合束指向精度优于±7 μrad，位置精度优于±0.84 mm。本研究所组建的激光合束系统不仅具有合束精度高、校正速度快、光路扩展性强的优势，而且可实现激光束的周期性闭环校正，能够有效保证合束激光的长期工作稳定性。

渐开线圆柱齿轮是量大面广的关键机械基础件，为了实现渐开线量值的统一，通常需要将渐开线样板作为渐开线的实体标准器进行渐开线齿廓偏差的量值溯源、量值传递与量值比对。本文回顾了各国高精度单基圆参数、多基圆参数渐开线样板、集成其他几何参数的齿轮样板、非渐开线式样板及高精度渐开线测量仪器的研究进展，并对渐开线样板的使用展开长度提出了建议，对高精度渐开线样板的发展做出了展望。

针对现有中心偏差测量方法中测量精度低、透镜姿态调整人为干扰大的问题，提出一种差动共焦透镜中心偏自动测量方法。该方法通过差动共焦定焦技术，依据差动共焦轴向光强响应曲线的过零点精确对应被测镜特征点这一特性，实现对被测镜猫眼点及共焦点的精准定位；通过高精度气浮转轴驱动被测镜旋转，用位移传感器、圆光栅记录被测镜的位置信息，结合五维位姿自动调整机构，实现对被测镜姿态的高精度校正，消除姿态偏差，提高测量精度；最终，搭建了激光差动共焦透镜中心偏自动测量系统，实现了透镜中心偏的高精度自动测量。实验结果表明：透镜中心偏的测量精度可达0.41%，测量重复性优于100 nm。与现有的人工单次测量相比，该方法的测量重复性较好、随机误差小、测量精度高，为高精度透镜中心偏自动测量提供了一种技术途径。

为解决合成孔径成像激光雷达受制于相干天线定理的问题，扩大成像视场，提高相干收发光学系统效率，提出并研制了基于4×4尾纤式微透镜阵列接收的相干收发光学系统，建立了全视场光学系统耦合效率计算模型，完成了高精度的收发光学系统集成装调及系统光学效率测试。结果表明：发射链路与16路接收链路的光轴最优偏差优于4″，中心视场光学系统效率优于73.1%，全视场光学系统效率优于65.5%，可满足激光雷达成像试验要求。