利用太赫兹时域光谱（THz-TDS）技术，测量并分析了肠炎宁胶囊、枸橼酸铋钾胶囊、雷贝拉唑钠肠溶片和双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊4种肠胃类药品在0.25~2.40 THz波段内的光谱特性。实验结果发现4种药品光谱并不存在关联，因此THz-TDS技术不能进行药品成分鉴别和药效归类；太赫兹波对微弱的结构变化敏感，对含有相同辅料的药品依然可以精确鉴定；对比失效药品的光谱特性存在明显差异，表现为吸收峰位的移动、新增和消失等。该实验研究为使用THz-TDS技术进行药品鉴别及药效鉴定提供参考。

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors arising in the digest tract. It brings a challenge to diagnosis because it is asymptomatic clinically. It is well known that tumor development is often accompanied by the changes in the morphology of collagen fibers. Nowadays, an emerging optical imaging technique, second-harmonic generation (SHG), can directly identify collagen fibers without staining due to its noncentrosymmetric properties. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to assess the feasibility of SHG imaging for detecting GISTs by monitoring the morphological changes of collagen fibers in tumor microenvironment. We found that collagen alterations occurred obviously in the GISTs by comparing with normal tissues, and furthermore, two morphological features from SHG images were extracted to quantitatively assess the morphological difference of collagen fibers between normal muscular layer and GISTs by means of automated image analysis. Quantitative analyses show a significant difference in the two collagen features. This study demonstrates the potential of SHG imaging as an adjunctive diagnostic tool for label-free identification of GISTs.

Disorders of gastrointestinal (GI) motility are associated with various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and constipation. However, the underlying causes of impaired GI motility remain unclear, which has led to variation in the efficacy of therapies to treat GI dysfunction. Optogenetics is a novel approach through which target cells can be precisely controlled by light and has shown great potential in GI motility research. Here, we summarized recent studies of GI motility patterns utilizing optogenetic devices and focused on the ability of opsins, which are genetically expressed in different types of cells in the gut, to regulate the excitability of target cells. We hope that our review of recent findings regarding optogenetic control of GI cells broadens the scope of application for optogenetics in GI motility studies.

目的: 观察He-Ne激光照射联合质子泵抑制剂(PPIs)、胃动力药治疗反流性食管炎(RE)的疗效。方法: 将126 例RE患者随机分为观察组和对照组, 各63例。对照组采用埃索美拉唑、伊托必利治疗; 观察组在对照组基础上实施He-Ne激光照射治疗。比较两组临床疗效及治疗前后临床症状评分、内镜分级积分、食管动力学指标、胃肠激素和胃蛋白酶原水平。结果: 观察组治疗总有效率(92.06%)显著高于对照组(77.78%), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。经治疗后, 两组烧心、反酸、胸痛等临床症状评分及内镜分级积分均降低(P＜0.05), 但与对照组相比, 观察组以上临床症状评分及内镜分级积分降低更明显(P＜0.05)。治疗后, 两组食管括约肌压力明显增高, 立位反流时间比、卧位反流时间比、总反流时间比明显下降(P＜0.05), 但观察组以上指标与对照组相比改善程度更大(P＜0.05)。与治疗前比较, 两组治疗后GAS、MOT、PG I、PGⅠ/PGⅡ明显增高(P＜0.05), VIP明显下降(P＜0.05), 但观察组改善幅度大于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论: He-Ne激光照射联合PPIs、胃动力药治疗RE的疗效显著, 优于单纯应用PPIs和胃动力药治疗, 能有效改善患者的食管动力学指标及胃肠激素水平。

光动力疗法是目前临床上出现的一种新型治疗肿瘤的方法, 利用光敏剂吸收可见-近红外光并在组织氧的参与下发生光化学反应, 产生活性氧物质进而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡或坏死。光动力疗法对肿瘤侵袭性低, 具有较高的选择性和良好的患者依从性, 因此被广泛用于各种消化道恶性肿瘤的姑息性治疗和挽救性治疗。本文对近年来国内外应用光动力疗法治疗消化道肿瘤的文献进行综述, 对所报道的疾病类型、治疗病例数、光敏剂和光源、疗效和安全性等信息进行分类整理, 并对所面临的挑战和近期的研究进展进行了汇总, 以期全面和客观地了解光动力疗法在治疗消化道肿瘤中的应用和研究进展, 探讨目前的新应用及存在的问题和可能的发展方向。

光声成像作为一种既能提供光学高对比度又能实现声学大成像深度的新兴医学影像技术, 可通过对肿瘤滋养血管的三维成像, 为癌症的早期诊断提供一种全新的高灵敏检测方法。本文针对消化道肿瘤的临床成像需求, 提出了一种内部光激发、外部声探测的透射共轴式光声消化道内窥成像系统, 并通过仿体与离体生物组织的成像实验, 与现有的反射非共轴式光声内窥成像系统的成像性能进行了对比。实验结果表明, 在仿体样品中, 透射共轴式光声内窥成像系统的信噪比相对反射非共轴式系统最高提高了43.3 dB, 成像深度增大了28.4%; 而离体生物组织中, 在10.7 mm深处, 其信噪比也提高了9.7 dB。实验验证了本设计有效提高了光声信号的探测灵敏度, 使该系统相较现有反射式系统具备更优的成像信噪比和成像深度, 为光声消化道内窥技术推向临床提供了一种具有重要应用潜力的实施方法。

综述了光动力疗法(PDT)在胃肠疾病治疗领域的应用。从体外研究、体内研究和临床实践三个角度归纳总结了国内外PDT的研究现状,探讨其对不同类型的胃肠疾病的治疗效果和应用前景,以期为PDT在胃肠疾病临床治疗领域的广泛应用提供必要的技术支持。