Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2 Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
3 School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210094, China
4 Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
5 Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
This study investigated the feasibility of photoacoustic (PA) imaging of bone and characterization of bone features. By conducting the experiments on bovine femoral heads ex vivo, the light and ultrasonic penetration in bones was studied, together with the depth of PA imaging and measurement in bones. Then, the possibility of three-dimensional (3D) PA imaging of bones by raster scanning of the focusing transducer was studied. The micro-computerized tomography images of the bovine ribs with and without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment indicated that the 3D PA images could present the changes of bone microstructure resulting from the EDTA treatment. By using PA spectral analysis, the bone samples with and without the treatment of EDTA solution can be distinguished, and the microstructures can be characterized. This study was based on the bovine bone whose size is comparable to human bones, suggesting that PA technology can be used as a novel bone diagnostic technique.
photoacoustic imaging bone assessment osteoporosis bone health characterization Chinese Optics Letters
2020, 18(12): 121704
Author Affiliations
Abstract
1 Jinling College, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210089, China
2 Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210008, China
3 School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
4 Institution of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
The diagnosis of osteoporosis is eventually converted to the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in clinical trials. Since our previous work had proved the ability of using photoacoustic spectral analysis (PASA) to efficiently detect osteoporosis, in this contribution, we proposed a fully connected multi-layer deep neural network combined with PASA to semi-quantify BMD values corresponding to varying degrees of bone loss and to further evaluate the degree of osteoporosis. Experiments were carried out on swine femur heads, and the performance of our proposed method is satisfying for future clinical screening.
photoacoustics osteoporosis neural network Chinese Optics Letters
2020, 18(4): 041701
1 广州医科大学基础学院生物医学工程系， 广东 广州 511436
2 广东省生物资源应用研究所药物非临床评价研究中心， 广东省科学院， 广东 广州 510260
本研究利用光学相干层析术OCT对泼尼松龙诱导的斑马鱼骨质疏松模型进行活体成像，并结合电镜能谱技术定量分析斑马鱼模型骨质的钙磷元素含量及分布情况，共同探讨OCT方法在基于斑马鱼模型开展的骨质疏松研究中的使用价值。选取40条3月龄野生型斑马鱼暴露于50 μmol/L泼尼松龙溶液和含0.5%DMSO的溶液中(对照组)，28.5 ℃下培养，分别于第5、10、20天取出浸药组和对照组进行OCT活体成像，比较两者光散射特征。在每个时间点的成像之后，将浸药组的5条斑马鱼处死，然后取颅骨进行元素含量电镜扫描能谱分析。本研究利用50 μmol/L泼尼松龙溶液培养斑马鱼至第20天，成功构建了斑马鱼骨质疏松模型。与对照组相比，模型组活体OCT成像显示骨组织光散射减弱，光子量明显减少，呈不均匀分布。能谱元素检查结果说明颅骨内所含钙、磷比例明显下降，证实骨质疏松发生，骨量减少。OCT成像方法在对斑马鱼骨质疏松模型进行活体、实时、无创等研究方面具有重要价值，本试验也为骨质疏松疾病的研究和药物筛选等方面提供了新的有效的方法。
骨质疏松 斑马鱼 光学相干成像 osteoporosis zebrafish optical coherence tomography
1 安徽医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科, 安徽 合肥 230022
2 安徽大学生命科学学院, 安徽省中药研究与开发重点实验室, 安徽 合肥 230601
目的: 研究卵巢组织异体移植对去势模型大鼠骨质疏松的治疗作用及其机制。方法: 将40只SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术组、去卵巢模型组, 雌激素组和卵巢组织块移植组。采用背部定位切除双侧卵巢, 建立去势大鼠模型。造模的同时, 将同种异体卵巢组织块植入去卵巢大鼠背部肌肉层以建立卵巢移植模型。雌激素组大鼠按雌激素0.06 mg/kg灌胃进行替代治疗3个月, 其他各组均给予等量生理盐水。实验结束后, 称量体重和子宫湿重, 计算子宫重量指数; HE染色光镜观察大鼠阴道上皮细胞和股骨细胞形态; 骨密度仪法检测大鼠全身、股骨和胫骨近端的骨密度; 放射免疫法检测血清雌激素(E2)水平。结果: 与假手术组相比, 模型组大鼠子宫重量指数明显下降(P<0.01); 血清雌激素水平显著降低(P<0.01); 阴道上皮细胞较小, 无角质化; 股骨中的骨小梁数目显著减少, 骨吸收明显, 呈典型的“岛屿状”, 骨髓腔增大, 髓腔中基质细胞极少; 双能 X 线显示, 模型大鼠全身、股骨和胫骨的骨密度均显著减少(P均<0.01); 与模型组相比, 雌激素组和移植组大鼠的子宫重量指数增加明显(P<0.01, P<0.01); 两组大鼠的血清雌激素水平上升显著(P<0.01, P<0.01); 病理切片显示, 雌激素组和移植组大鼠的阴道上皮细胞大多呈角质化; 雌激素组大鼠皮质骨增厚, 骨小梁粗壮, 数量多, 排列较整齐, 骨小梁间距较小, 且骨髓腔缩小, 骨基质细胞明显增多; 移植组大鼠皮质骨面积较大, 骨小梁数量和面积增加明显, 骨小梁间距小, 排列规则, 连接增多, 骨基质细胞分布均匀。结论: 卵巢组织移植可能是通过与靶肌肉组织产生新生血管连接, 不断分泌内源性雌激素, 后者通过结合子宫、阴道和股骨组织中靶受体-雌激素受体, 进而维持子宫和阴道等靶组织的形态与功能, 并抑制骨质组织矿物质的丢失, 从而达到改善或促进雌性大鼠内分泌功能的目的。
卵巢组织异体移植 去势大鼠模型 骨质疏松 雌激素 骨密度 ovary tissue allotransplantation ovariectomized rat model osteoporosis estrogen bone mineral density(BMD)
1 湖南师范大学生命科学学院分子与统计遗传学研究室, 湖南 长沙410081
2 西安交通大学生命科学与技术学院分子遗传所, 陕西 西安 710049
3 Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
研究组前期的全基因组关联研究发现PHACTR3基因与骨折关联, 为了检测该基因与骨密度的关联关系, 采用精细定位关联研究来检测PHACTR3基因内及其附近的SNPs与骨密度的关系。首先在中国样本(1 627个不相关的汉族样本)和美国样本(2 286个不相关高加索样本)中对PHACTR3基因的140个SNPs进行基因分型, 然后采用Plink软件检测PHACTR3基因与腰椎和髋部骨密度的关联关系。发现研究组以前报道的与骨折关联的SNPs rs1555364和rs6064822与腰椎和髋部骨密度关联(P=4.89×10-2-1.26×10-2)。另外还发现位于PHACTR3基因内含子中3个SNPs位点 (rs6027138, rs1182531 和rs1182532)与中国人群和白人腰椎骨密度均显著关联, 将中国人与白人样本合并起来进行荟萃分析(Meta-analysis), 得到合并P值为1.40×10-3到4.00×10-4, 另外发现rs6064820与髋部BMD相关联, 合并P值为6.70×10-3。本研究进一步证实了PHACTR3基因在骨密度变异中的作用, 对骨质疏松发病机制的认识提供了新的理论依据。
骨质疏松症 骨密度 PHACTR3基因 关联分析 osteoporosis BMD PHACTR3 association analysis
