铝碳耐火材料是连铸滑动水口用关键材料，提高其强度和抗氧化性等服役性能，对于保障炼钢过程安全高效生产具有重要的意义。近年来，一种新型的MAB型层状化合物Cr2AlB2受到广泛关注，其具有高断裂韧性、高损伤容限和优异的抗氧化性。本工作在铝碳耐火材料中引入合成的Cr2AlB2，借助X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等测试手段，研究了高温下Cr2AlB2在铝碳材料中的结构演变及其对材料性能影响。结果表明：Cr2AlB2在800~1 200 ℃热处理后逐步分解生成Al2O3包覆CrB的核壳结构，并在核壳结构表面催化生成碳纳米管、碳纤维；在1 200~1 600 ℃热处理后，核壳结构内部进一步演变，生成了Cr3C2和BN。因此，Cr2AlB2在铝碳耐火材料中发生的上述结构演变，促进了材料的致密化程度，提高了材料常温抗折强度以及抗氧化性。当Cr2AlB2引入量为1%时，材料性能最佳，经1 400、1 600 ℃热处理后的铝碳材料常温抗折强度提升约9%，经1 400 ℃空气中处理后氧化指数从44%降低至31%。

Under the complex external reaction conditions, uncovering the true structural evolution of the catalyst is of profound significance for the establishment of relevant structure–activity relationships and the rational design of electrocatalysts. Here, the surface reconstruction of the catalyst was characterized by ex-situ methods and in-situ Raman spectroscopy in CO2 electroreduction. The final results showed that the Bi2O3 nanoparticles were transformed into Bi/Bi2O3 two-dimensional thin-layer nanosheets (NSs). It is considered to be the active phase in the electrocatalytic process. The Bi/Bi2O3 NSs showed good catalytic performance with a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 94.8% for formate and a current density of 26 mA cm-2 at -1.01 V. While the catalyst maintained a 90% FE in a wide potential range (-0.91 V to -1.21 V) and long-term stability (24 h). Theoretical calculations support the theory that the excellent performance originates from the enhanced bonding state of surface Bi-Bi, which stabilized the adsorption of the key intermediate OCHO* and thus promoted the production of formate.

采用能量为30keV的N+不同剂量(8×1017 N+/cm2、10×1017 N+/cm2、12×1017 N+/cm2)注入小麦种子,研究了离子注入后形态生理变化.结果表明:1.离子注入后小麦的出苗率随着剂量的增加而下降,但均大于80%;2.对麦苗生长有明显的抑制作用;3.离子注入后表皮细胞结构有明显的改变;随着剂量的增加,表皮细胞损伤越来越严重.而且苗期表现和表皮细胞损伤程度是相对应的.