中红外波段在基础科学、生物医学、环境监测、****、安检安防、通信娱乐等诸多领域都有极其重要的应用。作为中红外技术的核心组成部分，覆盖宽光谱范围、高能量、高转换效率、小型化、室温运转的高性能中红外相干辐射源始终都是科研与应用领域的研究重点与热点。目前中红外激光器种类有很多，根据不同的产生原理，中红外激光器主要分为化学激光器、气体激光器、基于稀土或过渡金属离子掺杂的激光器、量子级联半导体激光器、基于非线性频率变换的激光器。重点综述这几种激光器的特点及发展历程，并对其研究前景进行展望。

采用高温固相法，通过阳离子替代的实验策略，制备出系列窄带发射且颜色可由深黄色调至绿色的K_2-xNa_xZn_0.94SiO₄∶0.06Mn²⁺ （0≤x≤2）荧光粉。用X射线粉末衍射仪对样品的物相进行表征，通过扫描电子显微镜和能量色散谱测试对样品的形貌和元素分布进行分析。结果表明，成功地合成了纯相且元素分布均匀的K_2-xNa_xZn_0.94SiO₄∶0.06Mn²⁺ （0≤x≤2）荧光粉。在蓝光激发下，随着Na⁺离子逐渐代替K⁺离子，K_2-xNa_xZn_0.94SiO₄∶0.06Mn²⁺ （0≤x≤2）荧光粉的发光强度逐渐增强，原荧光粉的发光强度得到有效提高的同时发光颜色由深黄色调至绿色。在427 nm激光的激发下：当x=0.8时，K_1.2Na_0.8Zn_0.94SiO₄∶0.06Mn²⁺荧光粉发光最强；当x=2.0时，即K⁺完全被Na⁺替代，Na₂Zn_0.94SiO₄∶0.06Mn²⁺荧光粉发射出中心波长为517 nm、半峰全宽为32 nm的绿光，相较于商用β-SiAlON∶Eu²⁺绿色荧光粉，其半峰全宽更窄。

文章基于第一性原理研究了碱金属掺杂的SnO2的能带结构以及态密度。研究结果表明: 掺杂能够使能级增多, 很好地调节带隙值。Li, Na, K, Rb掺杂的SnO2材料, 价带顶有能级穿过费米线, 材料呈现出半导体特性。其中Rb掺杂使材料在费米面附近产生杂质能级。而Cs, Fr掺杂的SnO2材料, 价带顶向低能级方向移动, 费米能级不再穿过价带, 费米线附近出现轨道杂化, 两者相比Fr掺杂使费米面附近能级分布更加离散。掺杂后SnO2的反射率变化主要体现在可见光以及紫外区域, 吸收边发生了红移, 对实现SnO2光催化起很大作用。

Fe2+∶ZnSe晶体作为3~5 μm波段极具潜力的中红外激光介质之一, 在材料特性和转换效率等方面具有明显优势。对Fe2+∶ZnSe晶体的吸收特性进行了研究, 利用自制放电引发的非链式脉冲HF激光抽运Fe2+掺杂浓度为4×1018 cm-3、尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×5 mm的Fe2+∶ZnSe 晶体, 在室温下获得了65 mJ 的高能量Fe2+∶ZnSe中红外激光输出, 光光转换效率为31%, 输出激光能量相对于晶体吸收抽运光能量的斜率效率可达37%。

The electronic and optical properties, including band structure, density of states (DOS), absorption rate, refractive index, and dielectric function, of anatase TiO2 codoped with N and first transition elements are investigated using the plane wave pseudopotential method based on the density functional theory. The calculation results show that TiO2 codoping with N and first transition elements (Sc, V, Cr, Mn, and Fe) lead to significant reduction of conduction band relative to the Fermi level, reduction of band gap width, formation of new donor, and acceptor impurity levels below the conduction band and above the valence band, and cause some redshifts of optical absorption band edge with the amount of redshift decrease in the following order: N–Fe > N–Cr > N–Mn. Further, the synergistic effect of shallow donor and acceptor levels enhances light excitation for effective separation of electron–hole pairs and enhancement of light absorption ability, thereby increasing the TiO2 photocatalytic properties. This study reveals that the visible-light absorption ability of the codoped anatase TiO2 decreases in the order of N–Fe > N–Cr > N–Mn > N–Sc > N–V > N, and does not monotonically follow the dopant atomic number. Especially, in N–Cr codoped TiO2, the 4s atomic orbit of Cr is not completely filled, which hybridized with the p electronic orbit most probably acts as photo-generated electron trap centers resulting in higher photocatalytic activity than that of N–Mn codoped TiO2.

The Eu2+/Tb3+/Sm3+ co-doped oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing Ba2LaF7 nanocrystals are prepared in the reducing atmosphere. The X-ray diffraction results show that Eu2+, Tb3+ and Sm3+ ions are enriched into the precipitated Ba2LaF7 nanophase after the annealing process. It deduces efficient energy transfers from Eu2+ to Tb3+ and Sm3+ and intenses warm white luminescence of the glass ceramics. Comparing with the glass, the luminescence quantum yield of the glass ceramics is also enlarged by about 3 times. This demonstrates the potential white light-emitting diode application of the glass ceramics produced in this letter.

以间苯二酚和甲醛为原料，采用溶胶-凝胶工艺，结合高温碳化和溶剂替换常压干燥技术，制备了碳气凝胶。通过改变间苯二酚与碳酸钠的物质的量比和反应物间苯二酚与甲醛的质量分数，实现对碳气凝胶孔洞结构的控制。制备了钯掺杂碳气凝胶。以透射电镜、X射线衍射谱证实了钯元素以纳米单质颗粒形式存在于碳气凝胶的骨架结构中。对掺杂碳气凝胶进行了活化工艺的后处理，成功提高了比表面积有2倍之多，获得了比表面积为1 273 m2/g的钯掺杂碳气凝胶。氢吸附性能研究结果表明：最优活化工艺所得的碳气凝胶样品(3 212 m2/g)在92 K，3.5 MPa条件下的饱和储氢质量分数为3%，此样品在303 K，3.2 MPa时的储氢质量分数为0.84%。对钯掺杂碳气凝胶的常温(303 K)氢吸附测试表明，掺杂后碳气凝胶的总储氢质量分数下降了，但单位比表面积的储氢质量分数提高了。

过渡金属掺杂的Ⅱ-Ⅳ族纳米材料有望替代CdSe类量子点作为新型的荧光标记物而受到广泛关注。 利用微波加热法的体加热特点, 以不同有机胺为配体溶剂, 控制反应条件, 制备了Mn2+掺杂的ZnSe纳米材料, 并分别利用TEM、 EDS、 荧光光谱等手段对其形貌、 结构和性能的关系进行了探索。 Mn2+掺杂的纳米ZnSe粒子为200～500 nm的球形粒子, 表面平整, 为单晶的纤锌矿结构。 掺杂后纳米粒子的发射峰显示Mn2+的跃迁发射, 但不同的配体溶剂和掺杂量对产物的发光性能有明显影响。

The growth of a Mn-doped LiAlO₂ single crystal by the Czochralski (CZ) method and the characterization of its spectroscopy and thermoluminescence (TL) are presented. The X-ray rocking curve and chemical etching analysis show that the as-grown crystal has good crystallinity. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the LiAlO₂ (200) \omega rocking curve is 23.2 arcsec and the etching pits density of the (100) plane is (1.6–4.0)×10⁴ cm^-2. The transmission spectrum indicates that the crystal is highly transparent in the 200–1500-nm wavelength range. The emission spectrum of the crystal consists of a peak around 579 nm when excited with 428-nm light. The TL spectra show that the LiAlO₂:Mn crystal has glow peaks at 150 and 172 ℃. The change of TL characteristics of the crystal before and after thermal annealing in the air is discussed, and the effect of annealing and irradiation on the evolution of defect types is analyzed.