对苯二酚(HQ)作为一种稳定剂和抗氧剂主要应用于工业领域，工业废水中对苯二酚的残留对人体及环境危害严重，因此，建立一种简单、准确检测对苯二酚的方法对食品安全和环境监测具有重要意义。本文构建了纳米氧化锌-高纯石墨/玻碳(ZnO-C/GC)复合材料电化学传感器，实验材料简单易得，成本低。利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)分析了纳米ZnO-C复合材料的结构特征、表面特征和导电性，采用循环伏安法(CV)实现了纳米ZnO-C/GC复合材料电化学传感器对对苯二酚的检测，探究了对苯二酚的电催化机理，该电化学传感器检测对苯二酚具有良好的稳定性和准确性，较宽的线性范围，检出限达到1.0×10-8 mol/L。

以商业纳米Si颗粒(60 nm)和天然鳞片石墨为原料，采用静电原位自组装和水热还原的方法，设计开发了具有三维笼状导电网络结构的硅/还原氧化石墨烯(Si/rGO)纳米复合材料，以该复合材料为锂离子电池负极材料，研究了Si/rGO纳米复合材料储锂性能及储能机理。结果表明：纳米Si颗粒均匀地分布在rGO三维笼状导电网络结构中，在锂离子嵌入/脱出过程中，该网络结构有效地抑制了纳米Si颗粒的体积膨胀，并且提供了更多的离子传输通道。在0.1 A/g电流密度下，Si/rGO纳米复合材料的首次放电比容量达到了1 246 mA·h/g，第5次循环Coulombic效率为98.2%，容量保持率达到95.5%，表明纳米复合材料具有较快的稳定性。200次循环后，可逆容量保持在852 mA·h/g，Coulombic效率稳定在99.9%，容量保持率达到68.4%。

铜基硫化物禁带宽度窄, 具有局域表面等离子体共振效应, 对可见光有良好的吸收能力, 且储量丰富、无毒, 这些优势使铜基硫化物光催化剂引起了研究者们的广泛关注。然而, 铜基硫化物光生电子和空穴复合速率高, 可见光利用效率低, 阻碍了其在光催化领域的应用, 因此研究者们尝试了不同的改性策略提高其光催化性能。本文综述了铜基硫化物的改性策略, 主要论述了形貌调控、晶相调控、半导体异质结等方式对铜基硫化物光催化性能的改性, 分析了不同改性方法对铜基硫化物光催化性能提高的作用, 以及铜基硫化物在光催化降解有机污染物、光解水产氢、光催化还原CO2等方面的应用, 并对铜基硫化物改性研究方向做出了展望。

利用高真空磁控溅射技术, 通过高纯Mg靶和自制Mg-Bi-Sn合金靶的顺序溅射沉积, 制备了Mg3Bi2/Mg2Sn纳米复合薄膜。沉积薄膜的晶体结构和相组成由X射线衍射(XRD)图谱确定, 表面形貌和化学成分用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和能谱仪(EDS)进行观察、测量和分析。沉积薄膜的载流子浓度和迁移率通过霍尔实验获得, 电导率和Seebeck系数由Seebeck/电阻测试分析系统进行测量。结果表明, 沉积薄膜由Mg3Bi2和Mg2Sn两相组成, 随着薄膜中Mg2Sn含量的增加, 沉积薄膜的室温载流子浓度增加而迁移率下降。在整个测试温度范围内, 随薄膜中Mg2Sn含量的增加, 薄膜Seebeck系数不断升高而电导率下降。Mg2Sn相原子含量为28.22%的沉积薄膜在155 ℃获得最高功率因子为1.2 mW·m-1·K-2。在Mg3Bi2薄膜中加入适量的Mg2Sn第二相, 可明显提升Mg3Bi2薄膜材料的功率因子。

Flexible dielectric materials with environmental-friendly, low-cost and high-energy density characteristics are in increasing demand as the world steps into the new Industrial 4.0 era. In this work, an elastomeric nanocomposite was developed by incorporating two components: cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and recycled alum sludge, as the reinforcement phase and to improve the dielectric properties, in a bio-elastomer matrix. CNF and alum sludge were produced by processing waste materials that would otherwise be disposed to landfills. A biodegradable elastomer polydimethylsiloxane was used as the matrix and the nanocomposites were processed by casting the materials in Petri dishes. Nanocellulose extraction and heat treatment of alum sludge were conducted and characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. When preparing the nanocomposite samples, various amount of alum sludge was added to examine their impact on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Results have shown that it could be a sustainable practice of reusing such wastes in preparing flexible, lightweight and miniature dielectric materials that can be used for energy storage applications.Flexible dielectric materials with environmental-friendly, low-cost and high-energy density characteristics are in increasing demand as the world steps into the new Industrial 4.0 era. In this work, an elastomeric nanocomposite was developed by incorporating two components: cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and recycled alum sludge, as the reinforcement phase and to improve the dielectric properties, in a bio-elastomer matrix. CNF and alum sludge were produced by processing waste materials that would otherwise be disposed to landfills. A biodegradable elastomer polydimethylsiloxane was used as the matrix and the nanocomposites were processed by casting the materials in Petri dishes. Nanocellulose extraction and heat treatment of alum sludge were conducted and characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric (TGA/DTG) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. When preparing the nanocomposite samples, various amount of alum sludge was added to examine their impact on the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Results have shown that it could be a sustainable practice of reusing such wastes in preparing flexible, lightweight and miniature dielectric materials that can be used for energy storage applications.

采用脉冲激光气相沉积技术制备了Fe/MgO纳米复合薄膜，研究了脉冲数对复合薄膜结构、成分和光学性质的影响。X射线衍射分析表明：沉积的Fe纳米颗粒在脉冲数大于500时出现了晶面取向为（211）的衍射峰，证实了该复合薄膜中Fe、Mg、O元素的存在；Fe纳米颗粒在MgO薄膜中部分被氧化，存在单质态与氧化态（含量比约为3∶2）。高分辨透射电子显微镜分析表明：当脉冲数为100时，平均粒径约为2.73 nm的Fe纳米颗粒在MgO薄膜中呈椭球型均匀分布，且Fe纳米颗粒之间的平均间距约为1.75 nm。椭圆偏振光谱分析表明：当波长小于365 nm时，Fe/MgO纳米复合薄膜的折射率和色散灵敏度随脉冲数的增加而增加。紫外可见光谱分析表明：相比纯MgO薄膜，Fe/MgO纳米复合薄膜在190~235 nm波段出现了明显的紫外窄带增透现象；当作用于Fe靶的激光脉冲数达到300时，Fe/MgO纳米复合薄膜在197 nm处的透过率约为69.4%。

SnO₂–ZnO thin films consisting of nanoscale crystallites were obtained on glass and silicon substrates by solid-phase low-temperature pyrolysis. The synthesized materials were studied by XRD and SEM methods, electrophysical and optical properties were evaluated, as well as the band gap was calculated. It was shown that regardless of the phase composition all films were optically transparent in the visible range (310–1000 nm). The nanocrystallites’ minimum size, the highest activation energy of the conductivity and the smallest band gap calculated for indirect transitions were shown for a thin film 50SnO₂–50ZnO. It was assumed that the band gap decreasing might be attributed to the existence of surface electric fields with a strength higher than 4 × 10⁵ V/cm.SnO₂–ZnO thin films consisting of nanoscale crystallites were obtained on glass and silicon substrates by solid-phase low-temperature pyrolysis. The synthesized materials were studied by XRD and SEM methods, electrophysical and optical properties were evaluated, as well as the band gap was calculated. It was shown that regardless of the phase composition all films were optically transparent in the visible range (310–1000 nm). The nanocrystallites’ minimum size, the highest activation energy of the conductivity and the smallest band gap calculated for indirect transitions were shown for a thin film 50SnO₂–50ZnO. It was assumed that the band gap decreasing might be attributed to the existence of surface electric fields with a strength higher than 4 × 10⁵ V/cm.